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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#id1">函数库文件的成员</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#id2">函数库成员的隐含规则</a></li>
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<section id="make">
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<h1>使用make更新函数库文件<a class="headerlink" href="#make" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
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<p>函数库文件也就是对Object文件（程序编译的中间文件）的打包文件。在Unix下，一般是由命令 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ar</span></code> 来完成打包工作。</p>
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<section id="id1">
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<h2>函数库文件的成员<a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
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<p>一个函数库文件由多个文件组成。你可以用如下格式指定函数库文件及其组成:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">archive</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">member</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>这个不是一个命令，而一个目标和依赖的定义。一般来说，这种用法基本上就是为了
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ar</span></code> 命令来服务的。如:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">foolib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">o</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">hack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">o</span>
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<span class="n">ar</span> <span class="n">cr</span> <span class="n">foolib</span> <span class="n">hack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">o</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>如果要指定多个member，那就以空格分开，如:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">foolib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">o</span> <span class="n">kludge</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">o</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>其等价于:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">foolib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">o</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">foolib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">kludge</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">o</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>你还可以使用Shell的文件通配符来定义，如:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">foolib</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*.</span><span class="n">o</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</section>
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<section id="id2">
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<h2>函数库成员的隐含规则<a class="headerlink" href="#id2" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
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<p>当make搜索一个目标的隐含规则时，一个特殊的特性是，如果这个目标是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">a(m)</span></code> 形式的，其会把目标变成 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(m)</span></code> 。于是，如果我们的成员是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%.o</span></code> 的模式定义，并且如果我们使用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">make</span> <span class="pre">foo.a(bar.o)</span></code> 的形式调用Makefile时，隐含规则会去找 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bar.o</span></code> 的规则，如果没有定义 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bar.o</span></code> 的规则，那么内建隐含规则生效，make会去找 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bar.c</span></code>
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文件来生成 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bar.o</span></code> ，如果找得到的话，make执行的命令大致如下:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">cc</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">c</span> <span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">o</span> <span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">o</span>
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<span class="n">ar</span> <span class="n">r</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">o</span>
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<span class="n">rm</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">f</span> <span class="n">bar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">o</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>还有一个变量要注意的是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$%</span></code> ，这是专属函数库文件的自动化变量，有关其说明请参见“自动化变量”一节。</p>
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</section>
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<section id="id3">
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<h2>函数库文件的后缀规则<a class="headerlink" href="#id3" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
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<p>你可以使用“后缀规则”和“隐含规则”来生成函数库打包文件，如：</p>
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<div class="highlight-makefile notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nf">.c.a</span><span class="o">:</span>
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<span class="k">$(</span>CC<span class="k">)</span> <span class="k">$(</span>CFLAGS<span class="k">)</span> <span class="k">$(</span>CPPFLAGS<span class="k">)</span> -c $< -o <span class="nv">$*</span>.o
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<span class="k">$(</span>AR<span class="k">)</span> r <span class="nv">$@</span> <span class="nv">$*</span>.o
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<span class="k">$(</span>RM<span class="k">)</span> <span class="nv">$*</span>.o
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>其等效于：</p>
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<div class="highlight-makefile notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nf">(%.o) </span><span class="o">:</span> %.<span class="n">c</span>
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<span class="k">$(</span>CC<span class="k">)</span> <span class="k">$(</span>CFLAGS<span class="k">)</span> <span class="k">$(</span>CPPFLAGS<span class="k">)</span> -c $< -o <span class="nv">$*</span>.o
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<span class="k">$(</span>AR<span class="k">)</span> r <span class="nv">$@</span> <span class="nv">$*</span>.o
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<span class="k">$(</span>RM<span class="k">)</span> <span class="nv">$*</span>.o
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</section>
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<section id="id4">
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<h2>注意事项<a class="headerlink" href="#id4" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
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<p>在进行函数库打包文件生成时，请小心使用make的并行机制（ <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-j</span></code> 参数）。如果多个
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ar</span></code> 命令在同一时间运行在同一个函数库打包文件上，就很有可以损坏这个函数库文件。所以，在make未来的版本中，应该提供一种机制来避免并行操作发生在函数打包文件上。</p>
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<p>但就目前而言，你还是应该不要尽量不要使用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-j</span></code> 参数。</p>
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<p>© 版权所有 2014-2019, 作者：陈皓；排版：SeisMan.
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<span class="lastupdated">最后更新于 2022年5月22日.
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